Do you know about Diabetes? Its types & prediabetes? |Better Health|

Overview

Diabetes mellitus is a long-lasting chronic disease resulting from low insulin production in the human body. In this condition, the pancreas cannot produce insulin, or the body does not utilize the produced insulin.

Insulin is a hormone made by the activity of the pancreas, and it gets glucose from the food we ingest and then converts it into energy. 

Less or stopped responding to insulin production cause an increased blood glucose level in the body which can lead to further damage to other internal organs, such as depression, heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. 

Between 2019-2020, there was a 3% increase in mortality levels due to this disease. In middle families with low income, the rate increased to 13%.

Types of diabetes mellitus

There are the following types of diabetes; type 1, 2, and gestational diabetes. 

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune reaction usually causes this type of diabetes. As a result of this reaction body automatically stop to produce insulin. An estimated impact shows that about 5-10% of people who have diabetes have symptoms of type-1 diabetes. Children, teens, and young adults are usually diagnosed with it. People are injected with insulin injections to produce a maximum quantity of insulin.

Nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain are some of its symptoms.

Type 2 Diabetes

About 90-92% of people show symptoms of type 2 that occur when the body is unable to utilize insulin properly or fails to maintain blood glucose levels. It is usually diagnosed in adults (may also be in children, teens, and young adults) and lasts a long. Type-2 symptoms may not show, but they can be prevented and delayed by following prescriptions and a healthy lifestyle;

• Losing weight
• Developing healthy eating habits
• Stay active

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes develops in pregnant women. Women who eat sugar-coated eatables are at high risk. After the baby’s birth, it runs away, but it can affect the baby’s health, like they may have obesity issues and type-2 symptoms in the future. However, symptoms of this type may not show earlier, but maybe later in the future, you (mother) get diabetes of type-2.  

Prediabetes

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar is seemed to be higher than the expected limit, but it should not be enough to diagnose a type-2. It occurs when the body doesn’t show an insulin response the way it should.

Although experts suggest that 1 in 3 Americans have prediabetes, over 80% of prediabetics do not know it. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disease in which kidneys excrete too much fluid from the body. It is not a type of diabetes mellitus, although both have similar names.

See more about how these types differ in symptoms, causes & treatment.

Symptoms of diabetes

Symptoms show when there is a high glucose level in the blood; these are

General symptoms

• Weight loss
• Increase in hunger level
• Increase in thirst level
• Frequent urination and blurry vision
• Extreme fatigue
• Sores that don’t heal

Symptoms for man

With some general symptoms, there are some symptoms related to men;

• A decreased sex drive
• Erectile dysfunction (ED)
• Poor muscle strength 

Symptoms for women

There are some Women with diabetes who show the following symptoms;

• Vaginal dryness
• Urinary tract infections
• Yeast infections
• Dry, itchy skin

How can diabetes treat?

Treatment depends on the type of diabetes, better health, and immunity against diseases you have.

Type-1 diabetes

If you are suffering from type-1, you must inject insulin daily because your pancreas refuses to make it.

Type-2 diabetes

In this type, your treatment should be medication, insulin, and lifestyle change (losing weight, healthy eating) pattern based.

Gestational diabetes

If you have this type of diabetes, then your treatment can be done by managing your diet and with regular exercise. If your blood glucose level remains high, consult your doctor and have a specific quantity of insulin or cope with medication.

Medication and insulin treatment should work in one of the following ways;

• Stimulate the pancreas to release and produce more insulin
• Increase urination
• Slow down the activity of glucose in the liver (extra glucose stored in the liver)
• Retard the breakdown of carbohydrates in the stomach or intestines, so your tissues work properly for insulin. 

Prediabetes

This type of diabetes can cure by following a

• A proper routine of being more active
• Exercising (at least 4-5 days a week for half an hour)
• Eat a healthy diet like the Mediterranean diet.
• Take care of blood pressure levels at home.

What are the risk factors associated with diabetes?

Risk factors depend on the type of this disease; it also depends on family background and the environmental factors that add risk to type 2.

• Have prediabetes
• Overweight
• 45 years old or more
• Genetic disease
• Laziness

How do I check my blood glucose level at home?

You can check it by using a blood glucose meter, So prick the side of your finger, then apply your blood drop to a testing strip, and add that strip to the meter that clearly shows your blood glucose level accurately:)

sources

https://www.knowdiabetes.org.uk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_management

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